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Put pure carbon under enough heat and pressure - say, 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit and 50,000 atmospheres - and it will crystallize into diamonds Duplicating that environment in a lab isn't easy, but that hasn't kept visionaries from trying to create man made diamonds. Since the mid-19th century, dozens of these modern scientists have been injured in accidents and explosions while attempting to produce man made diamonds.
General Electric managed to do this in 1954 by using a 400-ton press to crush carbon at an enormous pressure. GE's machine economically produced diamond dust for industrial uses, and by the early 1970s the company had even produced man made diamonds as large as 2 carats. But that effort took so much time and electrical energy, that it was more expensive than buying a mined diamond. One scientist named Robert Wentorf Jr. took a spoonful of peanut butter and put it into man made diamonds producing machine and presto! Man made diamonds crystals! Did you know peanut butter is pure carbon? There are several current American operations attempting to make man made diamonds. Carter Clarke, retired army general, stumbled into a artificial diamond producing process during a trip to Moscow in 1995. Clark bought the process and moved it to Sarasota Florida, where he has produced some large sized yellow man made diamonds.
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Another process for creating man made diamonds is by depositing a chemical vapor to cover relatively large surfaces with microscopic diamond crystals. The technique transforms carbon into plasma, which then precipitates onto a surface below as man made diamonds. The problem with the technology has always been that no one could figure out how to grow a single crystal using that method. A company in Boston is rumored to be on the verge of making a breakthrough in manufacturing man made diamonds.
But man made diamonds have a lot more uses than ornamenting a finger. Not only is it the hardest substance known, it also has the highest thermal conductivity. Today's speedy microprocessors run hot - at upwards of 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Man made diamonds microchips could handle much higher temperatures, allowing them to run at speeds that would liquefy ordinary silicon. With the advent of man made diamonds, the possibility for making microchips that could be used for semiconductors. The man made diamonds companies plan to use the diamond jewelry business to finance their attempt to reshape the semiconducting world.
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