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General Electric managed to produce simulated diamonds in 1954 by using a 400-ton press to crush carbon at an enormous pressure. GE's machine economically produced diamond dust for industrial uses, and by the early 1970s the company had even produced simulated diamonds as large as 2 carats. But that effort took so much time and electrical energy, that it was more expensive than buying a mined diamond. Simulated diamonds have the same chemical make up as natural diamonds; except they are created in a laboratory and they have no flaws or inclusions. Cubic Zirconia have a different make up and are not the same as simulated diamonds. There are several current American operations attempting to make simulated diamonds. Carter Clarke, retired army general, stumbled into a process producing simulated diamonds during a trip to Moscow in 1995. Clark bought the process and moved it to Sarasota Florida, where he has produced a large sized yellow simulated diamonds, which he is marketing under the name of Gemesis.
Another process for creating simulated diamonds is by chemical vapor deposition and has been used for more than a 10 years to cover relatively large surfaces with microscopic diamond crystals. The technique transforms carbon into plasma, which then precipitates onto a surface below as simulated diamonds. The problem with the technology has always been that no one could figure out how to grow a single simulated diamond using that method. Apollo Diamond, a secretive company in Boston, is rumored to have created a single-crystal breakthrough to produce simulated diamonds.
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There's a rumor of a new, experimental method for growing a gem-quality simulated diamonds. If true, it represents a new challenge to the industry, since that simulated diamonds could conceivably be grown in large bricks that, when cut and polished, would be indistinguishable from natural diamonds.
But the synthetic diamond has a lot more uses than ornamenting a finger. Not only is the diamond the hardest substance known, it also has the highest thermal conductivity. Tremendous heat can pass through it without causing damage. Today's speedy microprocessors run hot - at upwards of 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Microchips made from simulated diamonds could handle much higher temperatures, allowing them to run at speeds that would liquefy ordinary silicon. With the arrival of Gemesis, the Florida-based company, and Apollo Diamond Company, and other companies making simulated diamonds could make a fortune in selling them for semiconductors. Both startups plan to use the simulated diamonds jewelry business to finance their attempt to reshape the semiconducting world.
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