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Since the mid-19th century, dozens of scientist have been injured in accidents and explosions while attempting to produce a synthetic diamond. A Synthetic diamond, however, is not the idea of this century alone. In the past, colored stones were manufactured as early as the Egyptians, Phoenicians and the Roman times. None were able to make a synthetic diamond. General Electric managed to make a synthetic diamond in 1954 by using a 400-ton press to crush carbon at an enormous pressure. GE's machine economically produced diamond dust for industrial uses, and by the early 1970s the company had even produced a synthetic diamond as large as 2 carats. But that effort took so much time and electrical energy, that it was more expensive than purchasing a mined diamond. A synthetic diamond has exactly the same chemical components and characteristics as a natural diamond, except it has no inclusions or imperfections. Some say that a synthetic diamond now is an ordinary accomplishment. Over one hundred tons of industrial diamonds are made a year, most being used on drill bits.
There are several current American operations attempting to make a synthetic diamond large enough to be marketed to challenge the diamond jewelry industry. Carter Clarke stumbled into a synthetic diamond producing process during a trip to Moscow in 1995. Clark bought the process and moved it to Sarasota Florida, where he has produced a large sized yellow synthetic diamond, which he is just beginning to market.
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Another process for creating a synthetic diamond is by depositing a chemical vapor to cover relatively large surfaces with microscopic diamond crystals. The technique transforms carbon into plasma, which then precipitates onto a surface below as synthetic diamonds. The problem with the technology has always been that no one could figure out how to grow a single crystal using that method. Apollo Diamond, a company in Boston, is rumored to be making a single-crystal breakthrough to produce a synthetic diamond. There's a rumor of a new, experimental method for growing a gem-quality synthetic diamond. If true, it represents a new challenge to the industry, since that synthetic diamond could conceivably be grown in large bricks that, when cut and polished, would be indistinguishable from natural diamonds.
Not only is the diamond the hardest substance known, it also has the highest thermal conductivity. Tremendous heat can pass through it without causing damage. This large synthetic diamond can be used to improve the present day's computer. Today's speedy silicone microprocessors run hot - at upwards of 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Artificial diamond microchips could handle much higher temperatures, allowing them to run at speeds that would liquefy ordinary silicon. The companies producing a synthetic diamond plan to use the synthetic diamond jewelry business to finance their attempt to reshape the semiconducting world.
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